Ibuprofin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), like aspirin, that is used to reduce the inflammation that causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling.ebiochem.com
Ibuprofen is in a class of drugs called Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS). The NSAID class includes aspirin, naprosyn (Alleve, and many others. Ibuprofen is a nonspecific cycloxygenase inhibitor. Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme that changes a specific fatty molecule (arachidonic acid) into other chemicals (prostaglandins) that cause inflammation. NSAIDS block this conversion and thereby decrease inflammation. Ibuprofen is nonspecific, blocking both of the two types of cyclooxygenase, called COX1 and and COX2. Because it blocks COX1, ibuprofen is damaging to the stomach, as is aspirin.ebiochem.com
Propoxyphene and acetaminophen
Propoxyphene is a strong narcotic pain-reliever and cough suppressant but is weaker than other narcotics such as morphine, codeine, and hydrocodone. The precise mechanism of action is not known but may involve stimulation of opioid receptors in the brain. Propoxyphene increases pain tolerance and decreases discomfort, but the presence of pain is still apparent. In addition to pain reduction, propoxyphene also causes sedation and respiratory depression. Acetaminophen is a non-narcotic analgesic and antipyretic (fever reducer). Acetaminophen relieves pain by elevating the pain threshold. It reduces fever through its action on the heat-regulating center of the brain. The combination of propoxyphene and acetaminophen achieves greater pain relief than either taken separately. For more information on acetaminophen, please see acetaminophen (Tylenol). The FDA first approved propoxyphene/acetaminophen combinations in October 1972.ebiochem.com
It works by inhibiting the action of certain hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. Naproxen is available as either an over-the-counter or prescription drug, and comes in tablet, caplet, or liquid form. Common side effects include nausea, heartburn, and constipation. It used for arthritis symptoms, including pain, stiffness, and swelling. Naproxen can be used to treat several different types of arthritis, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis (also known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis), ankylosing spondylitis, and gout.ebiochem.com