Clear Vanilla Extract Vs. Dark Vanilla Extract
| By Fred Decker
Pastry making was a very different proposition just a few centuries ago. Sugar was known, but rare until European planters built their great estates in the Caribbean and South America. Heavy cream for whipping came in the late 19th century, with milk-separating machines. Even chocolate and vanilla, those two staples of the pastry chef’s art, were New World plants that came into their own in the 18th century.
Vanilla
Vanilla beans are the seed pods of an orchid native to Mexico and Central America. The seed pods are gathered up when mature and exposed to the heat of the tropical sun, or sometimes steamed in modern production. This damages the pods’ cell walls, and the resulting chemical reactions brown the pods and create the signature vanilla flavor. Natural vanilla is one of the most complex flavors occurring in nature, with over 200 different volatile compounds in the processed beans.
Using Vanilla
The beans themselves are very fragrant, but inconvenient to incorporate into a dish because of their leathery texture. Ordinarily, you’ll cut the bean open lengthwise, and scrape out the sticky seeds. These and the pod go into the recipe’s liquid ingredient, usually milk or cream, and you steep them for 10 or 15 minutes to extract the flavor. Then you remove the pod and use the milk. The rinsed pods retain some flavor, and if you keep a few in a jar with some sugar, the sugar will take on the vanilla flavor as well.